A romantic couple

When do you need to update your Will? Estate planning is an ever-evolving process that adjusts and adapts to the ebbs and flows of our lives. Central to this is your Last Will and Testament. But creating a Will isn’t a one-time affair; life’s unpredictability demands regular revisions. So, how do you know when it’s time to dust off that old document and make some changes? Let’s dive in.

The Living Document

Major Life Events

Financial Changes

Relationship Changes

Geographical Changes

Tax Law Changes

Setting up Trusts

Periodic Reviews

Appointing or Changing Executors

1. Introduction: The Living Document

A Will is often viewed as a ‘living document’. Just as our lives undergo changes, so should our Wills. It’s good to review your Will to ensure that it remains relevant and reflects your current wishes. This includes reviewing your Will whenever you move, have more children, etc. Essentially, anytime your life circumstances change, your Will should change right along with it.

2. Major Life Events: The Obvious Catalysts

Whenever a significant event occurs in your life, it’s a clear signal to revisit your Will.

  • Marriage: Newlywed bliss also comes with legal implications. Update your Will to include your spouse or adjust asset distribution. What is your spouse getting in your Will?
  • Divorce: The end of a marital union often necessitates changes in asset beneficiaries and executors. How will your Last Will and Testament change?
  • Birth or Adoption: The addition of a child is a joyous occasion. Ensure they’re a part of your Will and consider setting up trusts. Is there a guardian you want to add?
  • Death of a Beneficiary or Executor: When a named person in your Will passes away, adjustments are crucial. How will your Last Will change?

3. Financial Changes: Wealth’s Ebb and Flow

Major financial shifts can greatly impact how you’d like your assets to be distributed.

  • Acquisition of Significant Assets: Whether it’s a new home or a valuable piece of art, newly acquired assets should be addressed in your Will.
  • Sale or Disposition of Assets: If you’ve mentioned specific assets in your Will which you no longer own, those sections need revising.
  • Starting a Business: This not only adds to your assets but might also involve complex distribution desires.

4. Changes in Relationships

Beyond marriages and divorces, other relationship dynamics can influence your Will.

  • Estrangements: Sometimes, we grow apart from those once close. Such shifts might impact your distribution wishes.
  • New Dependencies: Whether it’s a new stepchild or an aging parent, new dependents might need to be factored into your Will.

5. Geographical Moves: New Horizons, New Rules

Relocating, especially across state lines or countries, can necessitate a Will update due to differing estate laws. Your Will may need to be updated to the provincial/state laws of the province that you’re living in.

6. Changes in Tax Laws

Estate and inheritance tax laws are prone to shifts. An update in these laws might prompt a restructuring of your estate plan to maximize benefits. It’s wise to change your Will to adapt to the province/state of residence.

7. Setting Up Trusts

If you’ve recently established trusts or wish to integrate them into your estate planning, it’s time for an update. You can choose this option in your Last Will and Testament; choose to leave everything in a trust.

8. Periodic Reviews: A Proactive Approach

Even without significant life changes, it’s wise to review your Will every 3-5 years. Regular checks ensure that your Will remains aligned with your current wishes. Always good to be prepared.

9. Appointing or Changing Executors

Your chosen Executor plays a pivotal role in the execution of your Will. Any change in your trust level or their ability to perform the task should trigger an update. Who would you trust to be the Executor of your Estate?

Keeping your Will up-to-date ensures that upon your passing, your wishes are carried out as envisioned. You will want to avoid as many disputes between loved ones as possible. That is why it’s important to ensure that your Will is updated to match your life circumstances.

small golden labrador retriever on a silver chain looking to the left

We love our pets. We even sometimes treat them better than other human beings; we spoil them, pamper them, and in some cases, treat them as if they were our children. While many of us include provisions in our Wills for the care and well-being of our pets, some animals (just like humans) have struck it rich. Some pets were lucky enough to inherit vast sums of money ( Here, we take a look at the top five pets that inherited staggering amounts, making them the richest animals in history.

The German Shepherd who is richer than you

The Poodle with an Investment Portfolio

Gigoo

Rags to Riches: The Stray Cat Worth Millions

Blackie: The Cat Who Inherited a Fortune

1. Gunther IV – The German Shepherd

Estimated Inheritance: $375 million

Leading our list is Gunther IV, a German Shepherd. Gunther IV inherited his fortune from his father, Gunther III, who had been bequeathed a vast sum by his owner, the German Countess Karlotta Liebenstein, when she passed away in 1992. With a dedicated staff and properties around the world (including a mansion in Miami), Gunther IV lives a life most humans can only dream of. It’s even rumored that Madonna’s Miami mansion was once purchased by this affluent canine.

2. Toby Rimes – The Poodle with an Investment Portfolio

Estimated Inheritance: $80 million

Toby Rimes, a poodle living in New York, inherited a fortune from Ella Wendel. The tale gets intriguing when we learn that Toby wasn’t the first to inherit this wealth. In fact, he’s the latest in a line of poodles, all named Toby, inheriting the initial fortune. The wealth has grown over time, thanks to shrewd investments.

3. Gigoo – The Clucking Millionaire

Estimated Inheritance: $15 million

Gigoo, a Scots Dumpy hen, was bequeathed a fortune by British publisher Miles Blackwell. While Blackwell and his wife had many animals, Gigoo was the sole beneficiary. This feathery heiress was mentioned in Blackwell’s will, ensuring her future was well taken care of.

4. Tommaso – From Stray Alley Cat to Millionaire Mouser

Estimated Inheritance: $13 million

Tommaso’s story is as touching as it is unbelievable. A former stray found in Rome’s alleyways, Tommaso was adopted by Maria Assunta, the widow of an Italian real estate mogul. When Assunta died at 94, she had no living relatives. Hence, she left her vast fortune to the cat via her nurse, who was entrusted with taking care of Tommaso.

5. Blackie – The Record-holding Feline

Estimated Inheritance: $12.5 million

The Guinness World Record-holder for the wealthiest cat, Blackie, inherited his fortune when his owner, a British antiques dealer named Ben Rea, passed away. Rea left the bulk of his fortune to Blackie, ignoring his own family in the process. Blackie’s fortune was eventually divided among three cat charities which were entrusted with ensuring Blackie’s care.

Pets inheriting vast sums of money is becoming more common. Some are richer than many other human beings. Although pets should be cared for, would you leave everything to your beloved Fido or feline? Everyone wants to make sure their pets are taken care of, but do you think these cases are extreme, or is this something that you would do if you had the money? FormalWill.ca developed Canada’s first and only Pet Will?  Visit formalwill.ca to create your Pet Will and ensure that your pets are taken care of.

Overwhelming responsibilities come with being an Executor

Estate planning doesn’t have to be a complex, nebulous and confusing term. Estate planning is something that everyone must deal with, at one point or another in their lives. The regulations managing Estate planning vary from province to province, and the laws may differ in other countries. Two vital positions frequently discussed in Canadian estate planning are the Executor and the Power of Attorney (PoA). Both are two distinct roles, which this article will delve into:

Definitions

Duration and Timing

Scope of Responsibilities

Limitations

Appointing the Right Individuals

1. Definitions and Basic Understanding

Executor:

In the Canadian context, an Executor (sometimes referred to as a “liquidator” in Quebec) is a person or institution named in a Will to administer the estate and ensure that the deceased’s wishes, as specified in the Will, are carried out after their death.

Power of Attorney

A Power of Attorney is a document appoints which allows you to give someone else the authority over your financial affairs and property. It applies in situations where a Will would not apply.

2. Duration and Timing

How long does each role last? How long can you be an Executor? How long can you be appointed as a Power of Attorney?

Executor:

The role of the Executor in Canada happens upon the death of the testator (person who wrote the Will). The Executor’s responsibilities continue until the estate is fully settled, which, depending on the estate’s complexity, can range from a few months to several years.

Power of Attorney (POA):

A PoA is a Canadian legal document, allowing an individual (known as the grantor) to designate someone (referred to as an Attorney, not to be confused with a lawyer) to act on their behalf concerning financial or health matters, especially if they become incapacitated. Much like the role of an Executor, the range of time an Attorney has to deal with his/her specific duties often varies.

3. Scope of Responsibilities

The scope of responsibilities vary on the type of responsibilities/document that you create. The Executor of your Last Will and Testament has the following responsibilities listed below (this is only a brief overview):

Executor:

  • Asset Management: Identify, appraise, and safeguard the deceased’s assets, ensuring they adhere to Canadian laws.
  • Debt Payment: Address the deceased’s outstanding debts, including taxes—in collaboration with the Canada Revenue Agency when necessary.
  • Estate Distribution: Distribute the remaining assets to the beneficiaries, according to the will.
  • Legal Processes: Engage in the probate process if required and address any legal challenges to the Will.

The “Attorney” appointed to follow your wishes, (as outlined in your Power of Attorney document) has the following responsibilities, as listed below. These responsibilities vary upon the type of Power of Attorney, and the instructions you have outlined for him or her to follow.

Here is a brief overview:

Power of Attorney:

  • Medical Decisions (Healthcare PoA): Under a specific PoA for personal care, the attorney can make healthcare decisions on behalf of the grantor.
  • Financial Management: Oversee the grantor’s financial assets, which may include banking, investments, and bill payments.
  • Real Estate and Personal Property: In accordance with Canadian laws, manage or sell real estate and other assets.
  • Other Specified Powers: As detailed in the PoA document, this could include tasks like business decisions.

4. Limitations

Executor:

  • Guided by the Will: Canadian Executors are strictly bound by the directives of the will.
  • Pre-death Authority is Absent: The Executor’s authority is exclusively posthumous.

Power of Attorney:

  • Adhering to the Grantor’s Interest: Every decision made must prioritize the best interests of the grantor.
  • No Alterations to the Grantor’s Will: The attorney cannot modify any existing will of the grantor.
  • Scope Restricted by the Document: A POA operates within the stipulated boundaries of the document, respecting Canadian legal standards.

5. Appointing the Right Individual

Given the considerable responsibilities and potential challenges, it’s paramount for Canadians to choose reliable, adept individuals for both roles. It might sometimes be practical for one person to act in both capacities, but the pros and cons should be thoroughly evaluated.

It is very important that Canadians understand the differences between being an Executor, vs. being appointed as a Power of Attorney.

Funeral/burials

In today’s world, planning a funeral or a burial is a highly personal process that can reflect the unique life, beliefs, and wishes of the deceased. In Canada, a country known for its rich cultural diversity and respect for individual preferences, there are numerous options to consider when it comes to funerals and burials. This comprehensive guide will explore the various choices available, from traditional burials to innovative and eco-friendly alternatives.

  1. Traditional Funeral Services
  2. Cremation Services
  3. Green and Eco-Friendly Burials
  4. Cultural and Religious Practices
  5. Military and State Funerals
  6. Alternative Memorial Options
  7. Cost Considerations and Financial Assistance
  8. Pre-planning and Funeral Insurance
  9. Legal Requirements and Documentation

Traditional Funeral Services

Traditional burial services in Canada encompass a wide range of options including casket selection, cemetery plot, headstone, and memorial ceremony. Whether choosing an in-ground burial or above-ground entombment in a mausoleum, these services provide a timeless and classic choice.

Funeral homes offer comprehensive support for families, taking care of everything from embalming and viewing to funeral ceremonies. They can help with various religious or non-religious rituals, reflecting the beliefs and wishes of the deceased.

Cremation Services

Cremation has become increasingly popular in Canada, offering a more affordable and flexible alternative to traditional burial. Urns can be interred, kept at home, or scattered in a meaningful location. Some even choose to incorporate ashes into jewelry or art.

Green and Eco-Friendly Burials

For those concerned about environmental impact, Canada offers various eco-friendly options. From biodegradable caskets to natural burial grounds that forgo embalming, these options minimize ecological footprints.

Cultural and Religious Practices

Canada’s multicultural society ensures that cultural and religious traditions are respected. Various communities have specific funeral rites and burial practices, from Indigenous ceremonies to Sikh, Hindu, Muslim, and Christian traditions.

Military and State Funerals

Members of the Canadian Armed Forces and distinguished individuals may be eligible for special funerals with honors, reflecting their service and contributions.

Alternative Memorial Options

From online memorials to memorial trees and benches, there are numerous ways to celebrate a life uniquely. These alternatives can be personalized to capture the essence of the deceased.

Cost Considerations and Financial Assistance

Funeral costs can vary widely in Canada. Understanding the different elements, from casket to plot, can help in budgeting. Various provinces also offer financial assistance for low-income families.

Pre-planning and Funeral Insurance

Planning ahead is an opportunity to ensure wishes are met and relieve family members of decision-making during a difficult time. Funeral insurance can provide additional peace of mind.

Understanding the legal aspects of funerals and burials in Canada is essential. Requirements include death certificates, burial permits, and compliance with local regulations.

Canada’s respectful and diverse approach to funerals and burials provides a fitting tribute for every individual. Whether seeking information for pre-planning or navigating this process during a challenging time, this guide offers comprehensive insight into the many choices available in this beautiful country.